现在完成进行时:如何正确使用它(例句)

现在完成进行时是英语中最有趣的时态之一，但它可能相当令人困惑！它用来描述从过去开始并且现在仍在继续的事情。在本指南中，您将了解使用这种时态的正确方法，以及要避免的一些常见错误。

什么是现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时指的是之前开始但仍在继续的动作 – 例如 I have been playing guitar all morning (and I’m still playing now)。公式为：主语+ has/have + been +现在分词（词根+ing）。我们经常使用latest、recently、all day、for year这种时态。

我们什么时候使用现在完成进行时

之前已经开始但仍在进行中的事件/行动

现在完成进行时可以用来描述从过去开始并且现在仍在继续的动作或事件。他们还没有完成或已经完成。

I have been learning English for a few months, but I’m not fluent yet.
I have been working more on my listening and writing skills.
My teacher has been helping me with my English over the past 6 weeks.

习惯

现在完成进行时可以用来指代已经持续了一段时间的习惯。

Julie has been swimming competitively since she was 7 years old.
For the past 3 months, Mark has been using onlineteachersuk.com to improve his English.
My dad has been sailing all his life.

理解现在完成进行时和现在完成时之间的区别很重要。就含义而言，这种差异有时可能非常小。例如比较：I have lived in London, Madrid and Dublin. 和 I have been living in London for 3 months. 。第一个显示过去已完成的动作，但第二个表明该人现在仍然住在伦敦。

在某些情况下，两者可以具有相同的含义 – 例如问：您在这里住了多久？How long have you lived here? A: I have lived here 2 years. 和 Q: How long have you been living here? A: I have been living here 2 years.在这两个例子中，“living”的动作都是从过去开始的，现在仍在继续。

最近发生的事情

这种时态也适合描述最近正在进行的活动，没有确切的开始时间，并且不一定在当前时刻继续。

Recently, I have been feeling under the weather (ill).

I have been sleeping in and struggling to eat enough.
I have been taking some time off work due to this.

我们如何形成现在完成进行时

我们使用以下公式形成这个时态： 主语+ has/have + ben +现在分词 （动词的根形式 + ing）。

以下是一些为您提供的示例：

I have been playing the flute for a few months now.
John has been tidying his room more lately.
Susie and Lee have been dating for a year.

现在完成进行时可以有肯定（肯定）、否定和疑问功能。下面我们就来看看吧！

如何将现在完成进行时中的动词变位为肯定：

肯定	‘to play’	‘to make’	‘to see’
第一人称单数	I have been playing	I have been making	I have been seeing
第二人称单数	You have been playing	You have been making	You have been seeing
第三人称单数	He/she/it has been playing	He/she/it has been making	He/she/it has been seeing
第一人称复数	We have been playing	We have been making	We have been seeing
第二人称复数	You have been playing	You have been making	You have been seeing
第三人称复数	They have been playing	They have been making	They have been seeing

要形成现在完成进行时的否定功能，请将“not”放在“to have”之后。

Li has not been trying her best with her schoolwork this term.

如何将现在完成进行时中的动词变位为否定形式：

否定	‘to play’	‘to make’	‘to see’
第一人称单数	I have not been playing	I have not been making	I have not been seeing
第二人称单数	You have not been playing	You have not been making	You have not been seeing
第三人称单数	He/she/it has not been playing	He/she/it has not been making	He/she/it has not been seeing
第一人称复数	We have not been playing	We have not been making	We have not been seeing
第二人称复数	You have not been playing	You have not been making	You have not been seeing
第三人称复数	They have not been playing	They have not been making	They have not been seeing

要形成现在进行时的疑问（疑问）功能，只需以“to have”的形式翻转主语即可。

肯定：Journalists have been making an effort to validate their sources. 变得令人疑惑：Have journalists been making an effort to validate their sources?

如何将疑问句中现在完成进行时的动词变位：

疑问	‘to play’	‘to make’	‘to see’
第一人称单数	Have I been playing	Have I been making	Have I been seeing
第二人称单数	Have you been playing	Have you been making	Have you been seeing
第三人称单数	Has he/she/it been playing	Has he/she/it been making	Has he/she/it been seeing
第一人称复数	Have we been playing	Have we been making	Have we been seeing
第二人称复数	Have you been playing	Have you been making	Have you been seeing
第三人称复数	Have you been playing	Have they been making	Have they been seeing

现在完成进行时的常见错误

使用现在完成进行时和结果

现在完成进行时通常不适用于我们描述结果的情况。相反，我们使用过去简单或现在完成时。

Andy was very happy this morning when his boss has been promoting him. (不正确)
Andy was very happy this morning when his boss promoted him. (一般过去时 – 正确)

Our netball team has been achieving promotion to the highest league. (不正确)
Our netball team has achieved promotion to the highest league. (现在完成时 – 正确)

延伸阅读：一般过去时: 如何正确使用它(例句)

现在完成进行时与非连续动词和混合动词一起使用

非连续动词是一类不能与任何连续时态一起使用的动词。这些动词通常用来描述您无法亲眼看到某人在做的事情。

混合动词是另一类具有多种含义的动词，往往带有更抽象的含义。

以下是这两个类别的一些示例：to see, to appear, to want, to seem. 一般来说，现在完成进行时不能与非连续动词或混合动词一起使用。

Our family have been owning this house for 40 years. (不正确)
Our family have owned this house for 40 years. (现在完成时 – 正确)

I have been having a cold for a week now. (不正确)
I have had a cold for a week now. (现在完成时 – 正确)

用现在完成进行时代替现在进行时

通常，学习者会使用现在完成进行时来说话，而他们应该使用现在进行时来代替。

I have been playing football with my friends right now. Can you pick me up later? (不正确)
I am playing football with my friends right now. Can you pick me up later? (正确)

Turn that music down! I have been reading my book. (不正确)
Turn that music down! I am reading my book. (正确)

用过去完成进行时代替现在完成进行时

另一种常见的混淆是学习者使用过去完成进行时代替现在完成进行时。这种情况经常发生在描述当前情况时，错误地使用了过去的叙述语气。

Finally, my boyfriend had been opening up to me more about his feelings. (不正确)
Finally, my boyfriend has been opening up to me more about his feelings. (正确)

某些副词与现在完成进行时的搭配不正确

使用现在完成进行时时，副词如“only”、“always”、“still”、“never”可以放在“to have”和“been”之间。

然而，很容易犯将它们放在句子后面的错误，这对于大多数对话情况下的母语人士来说听起来不太自然。

My favourite band have been touring for one week only in the UK. (不正确)
My favourite band have only been touring for one week in the UK. (正确)

Despite a cut hand, Dave has been still playing guitar this week. (不正确)
Despite a cut hand, Dave has still been playing guitar this week. (正确)